Unambiguous Tracking Method Based on Combined Correlation Functions for sine/cosine-BOC CBOC and AltBOC Modulated Signals

Unambiguous tracking for Binary Offset Carrier (BOC) modulated signals is an important requirement of modern Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers. An unambiguous tracking method based on combined correlation functions for even/odd order sine/cosine-BOC, Composite BOC(CBOC) and Alternate BOC(AltBOC) modulated signals is proposed. Firstly, a unitary mathematical formulation for all kinds of BOC modulations is introduced. Then an unambiguous tracking method is proposed based on the formulation and the idea of pseudo correlation function (PCF) method. Finally, the tracking loop based on the proposed method is designed. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method can remove side peaks while retaining the sharp main peak for all kinds of BOC modulations. The tracking performance for AltBOC is examined and the results show that the proposed method has better performance in thermal noise and long-delay multipath mitigation than the traditional unambiguous tracking methods

Operator Manifold Approach to Geometry and Particle Physics

The question that guides our discussion is how did the geometry and particles come into being. The present theory reveals primordial deeper structures underlying fundamental concepts of contemporary physics. We begin with a drastic revision of a role of local internal symmetries in physical concept of curved geometry. A standard gauge principle of local internal symmetries is generalized. The gravitation gauge group is proposed, which is generated by hidden local internal symmetries. Last two parts address to the question of physical origin of geometry and basic concepts of particle physics such as the fields of quarks with the spins and various quantum numbers, internal symmetries and so forth; also four basic principles of Relativity, Quantum, Gauge and Color Confinement, which are, as it was proven, all derivative and come into being simultaneously. The most promising aspect of our approach so far is the fact that many of the important anticipated properties, basic concepts and principles of particle physics are appeared quite naturally in the framework of suggested theory.Comment: LaTex, 42 pages, email [email protected]

χQJ→ℓ+ℓ−\chi_{QJ} \to\ell^+\ell^- within and beyond the Standard Model

We revisit $\chi_{QJ}\to \ell^+\ell^-$ (with $J=0,1,2$ and $Q=b,c$) within the Standard Model (SM). The electro-magnetic contributions are given in color-singlet model with non-vanishing lepton masses at the leading order of $v$. Numerically, the branching ratios of $\chi_{QJ}\to\ell^{+}\ell^{-}$ predicted within the SM are so small that such decays are barely possible to be detected at future BESIII and SuperB experiments, but may be possible to be observed at the LHC. We investigate $\chi_{b0}\to\ell^+\ell^-$ in Type-II 2HDM with large $\tan\beta$, and $\chi_{b2}\to\ell^+\ell^-$ in the Randall-Sundrum model, to see their chance to be observed in future experiments.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures. To match the published versio

Segmented flow coil equilibrator coupled to a proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer for measurements of a broad range of volatile organic compounds in seawater

We present a technique that utilises a segmented flow coil equilibrator coupled to a proton-transferreaction mass spectrometer to measure a broad range of dissolved volatile organic compounds. Thanks to its relatively large surface area for gas exchange, small internal volume, and smooth headspace-water separation, the equilibrator is highly efficient for gas exchange and has a fast response time (under 1 min). The system allows for both continuous and discrete measurements of volatile organic compounds in seawater due to its low sample water flow (100 cm3 min-1) and the ease of changing sample intake. The equilibrator setup is both relatively inexpensive and compact. Hence, it can be easily reproduced and installed on a variety of oceanic platforms, particularly where space is limited. The internal area of the equilibrator is smooth and unreactive. Thus, the segmented flow coil equilibrator is expected to be less sensitive to biofouling and easier to clean than membrane-based equilibration systems. The equilibrator described here fully equilibrates for gases that are similarly soluble or more soluble than toluene and can easily be modified to fully equilibrate for even less soluble gases. The method has been successfully deployed in the Canadian Arctic. Some example data from underway surface water and Niskin bottle measurements in the sea ice zone are presented to illustrate the efficacy of this measurement system

Production of the PP-Wave Excited BcB_c-States through the Z0Z^0 Boson Decays

In Ref.[7],we have dealt with the production of the two color-singlet $S$-wave $(c\bar{b})$-quarkonium states $B_c(|(c\bar{b})_{\bf 1}[^1S_0]>)$ and $B^*_c(|(c\bar{b})_{\bf 1}[^3S_1]>)$ through the $Z^0$ boson decays. As an important sequential work, we make a further discussion on the production of the more complicated $P$-wave excited $(c\bar{b})$-quarkonium states, i.e. $|(c\bar{b})_{\bf 1}[^1P_1]>$ and $|(c\bar{b})_{\bf 1}[^3P_J]>$ (with $J=(1,2,3)$). More over, we also calculate the channel with the two color-octet quarkonium states $|(c\bar{b})_{\bf 8}[^1S_0]g>$ and $|(c\bar{b})_{\bf 8}[^3S_1]g>$, whose contributions to the decay width maybe at the same order of magnitude as that of the color-singlet $P$-wave states according to the naive nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics scaling rules. The $P$-wave states shall provide sizable contributions to the $B_c$ production, whose decay width is about 20% of the total decay width $\Gamma_{Z^0\to B_c}$. After summing up all the mentioned $(c\bar{b})$-quarkonium states' contributions, we obtain $\Gamma_{Z^0\to B_c} =235.9^{+352.8}_{-122.0}$ KeV, where the errors are caused by the main uncertainty sources.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures and 2 tables. basic formulae in the appendix are cut off to match the published version, which can be found in v1. to be published in Eur.Phys.J.

On fluctuations of closed string tachyon solitons

We discuss fluctuations on solitons in the dilaton/graviton/tachyon system using the low energy effective field theory approach. It is shown that closed string solitons are free of tachyons in this approximation, regardless of the exact shape of the tachyon potential.Comment: 13 pages, 1 figure, uses JHEP3.cl

Closed string tachyons, flips and conifolds

Following the analysis of tachyons and orbifold flips described in hep-th/0412337, we study nonsupersymmetric analogs of the supersymmetric conifold singularity and show using their toric geometry description that they are nonsupersymmetric orbifolds of the latter. Using linear sigma models, we see that these are unstable to localized closed string tachyon condensation and exhibit flip transitions between their two small resolutions (involving 2-cycles), in the process mediating mild dynamical topology change. Our analysis shows that the structure of these nonsupersymmetric conifolds as quotients of the supersymmetric conifold obstructs the 3-cycle deformation of such singularities, suggesting that these nonsupersymmetric conifolds decay by evolving towards their stable small resolutions.Comment: Latex, 22 pgs, 2 figs. v4: matches JHEP version, 29 pgs, 3 figures, more elaborate Introduction, various clarifications adde

A dimension-reduction based multilayer perception method for supporting the medical decision making

Due to the rapid development of Medical IoT recently, how to effectively apply these huge amounts of IoT data to enhance the reliability of the clinical decision making has become an increasing issue in the medical field. These data usually comprise high-complicated features with tremendous volume, and it implies that the simple inference models may less powerful to be practiced. In deep learning, multilayer perceptron (MLP) is a kind of feed-forward artificial neural network, and it is one of the high-performance methods about stochastic scheme, fitness approximation, and regression analysis. To process these high uncertain data, the proposed work based on MLP structure in particular integrates the boosting scheme and dimension-reduction process. In this proposed work, the advanced ReLU-based activation function is used. Also, the weight initialization is applied to improve the stable prediction and convergence. After the improved dimension-reduction process is introduced, the proposed method can effectively learn the hidden information from the reformative data and the precise labels also can be recognized by stacking a small amount of neural network layers with paying few extra cost. The proposed work shows a possible path of embedding dimension reduction in deep learning structure with minor price. In addition to the prediction issue, the proposed method can also be applied to assess risk and forecast trend among different information systems

W Boson Inclusive Decays to Quarkonium at the LHC

In this paper, the production rates of quarkonia eta_c, J/psi, eta_b, Upsilon, B_c and B_c^* through W boson decay at the LHC are calculated, at the leading order in both the QCD coupling constant and in v, the typical velocity of the heavy quark inside of mesons. It shows that a sizable number of quarkonia from W boson decay will be produced at the LHC. Comparison with the predictions by using quark fragmentation mechanism is also discussed. Results show that, for the charmonium production through W decay, the difference between predictions by the fragmentation mechanism and complete leading order calculation is around 3%, and it is insensitive to the uncertainties of theoretical parameters; however, for the bottomonium and B_c^(*) productions, the difference cannot be ignored as the fragmentation mechanism is less applicable here due to the relatively large ratio mb/mw.Comment: Updated to match the published version in EPJ

Z0Z_0 Boson Decays to Bc(∗)B^{(*)}_c Meson and Its Uncertainties

The programming new $e^{+}e^-$ collider with high luminosity shall provide another useful platform to study the properties of the doubly heavy $B_c$ meson in addition to the hadronic colliders as LHC and TEVATRON. Under the `New Trace Amplitude Approach', we calculate the production of the spin-singlet $B_c$ and the spin-triplet $B^*_c$ mesons through the $Z^0$ boson decays, where uncertainties for the production are also discussed. Our results show $\Gamma_{(^1S_0)}= 81.4^{+102.1}_{-40.5}$ KeV and $\Gamma_{(^3S_1)}=116.4^{+163.9}_{-62.8}$ KeV, where the errors are caused by varying $m_b$ and $m_c$ within their reasonable regions.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables. To be published in Eur.Phys.J.